Panduan Lengkap Direct Dan Indirect Speech Dalam Bahasa Inggris (2025)

Pernah bingung bagaimana mengubah ucapan seseorang menjadi kalimat yang lebih rapi dalam bahasa Inggris? Misalnya, ketika temanmu berkata, "I will come tomorrow", lalu kamu ingin menyampaikannya kepada orang lain dengan kata-katamu sendiri. Nah, di sinilah direct dan indirect speech (atau reported speech) berperan! Konsep ini bukan hanya penting untuk tes bahasa Inggris seperti TOEFL atau IELTS, tetapi juga sangat berguna dalam percakapan sehari-hari, menulis esai, atau bahkan saat kamu mengerjakan tugas kuliah yang membutuhkan kutipan dari sumber lain. Dalam panduan ini, kita akan bahas semua yang perlu kamu ketahui—mulai dari pengertian, rumus, perbedaan waktu, hingga 20+ contoh praktis yang bisa langsung kamu terapkan.

Direct Speech vs. Indirect Speech: Apa Bedanya?

Sebelum mempelajari rumus atau contoh, penting untuk memahami perbedaan mendasar antara keduanya:

1. Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung)

• Definisi: Mengutip ucapan seseorang persis seperti aslinya, tanpa perubahan kata atau struktur. Biasanya ditandai dengan tanda petik ("...").
• Contoh:
  • She said, "I love reading books."
  • He asked, "Where is the nearest station?"
• Ciri-ciri:
  • Menggunakan tanda petik ganda ("...").
  • Kata ganti (pronoun) dan keterangan waktu tidak berubah.
  • Intonasi sering lebih ekspresif, terutama dalam percakapan lisan.

2. Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tidak Langsung)

• Definisi: Menyampaikan ucapan orang lain dengan kata-katamu sendiri, biasanya tanpa tanda petik. Struktur kalimat dan beberapa kata (seperti pronoun atau keterangan waktu) berubah.
• Contoh:
  • She said that she loved reading books.
  • He asked where the nearest station was.
• Ciri-ciri:
  • Tidak menggunakan tanda petik.
  • Kata ganti (I → he/she, my → his/her) dan keterangan waktu (now → then, today → that day) berubah.
  • Struktur kalimat sering lebih formal dan netral.

Rumus Dasar Mengubah Direct ke Indirect Speech

Proses mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi tidak langsung tergantung pada jenis kalimat (pernyataan, pertanyaan, atau perintah) dan tense yang digunakan. Berikut rumus umum yang bisa kamu ikuti:

1. Pernyataan (Statements)

Rumus:

Direct: Subject + said, "[kalimat pernyataan]." Indirect: Subject + said (that) + [kalimat pernyataan dengan perubahan pronoun/waktu].

Contoh:

• Direct: "I am tired," she said. Indirect: She said (that) she was tired.
• Direct: "We will visit Bali next month," they told me. Indirect: They told me (that) they would visit Bali the following month.

2. Pertanyaan (Questions)

Pertanyaan dalam indirect speech dibagi menjadi dua jenis:

a. Yes/No Questions

Rumus:

Direct: Subject + asked, "[auxiliary verb + subject + main verb]?" Indirect: Subject + asked + if/whether + [subject + main verb].

Contoh:

• Direct: "Do you like coffee?" he asked. Indirect: He asked if I liked coffee.
• Direct: "Have you finished your homework?" she asked. Indirect: She asked whether I had finished my homework.

b. Wh- Questions

Rumus:

Direct: Subject + asked, "[wh-word + auxiliary verb + subject + main verb]?" Indirect: Subject + asked + [wh-word] + [subject + main verb].

Contoh:

• Direct: "Where did you go yesterday?" he asked. Indirect: He asked where I had gone the day before.
• Direct: "Why are you crying?" she asked. Indirect: She asked why I was crying.

3. Perintah atau Permintaan (Commands/Requests)

Rumus:

Direct: Subject + said, "[imperative verb + object]." Indirect: Subject + asked/told + object + [to + base verb].

Contoh:

• Direct: "Close the door," he said. Indirect: He told me to close the door.
• Direct: "Please help me," she said. Indirect: She asked me to help her.

Perubahan Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat (Time & Place References)

Salah satu kesalahan umum dalam indirect speech adalah lupa mengubah keterangan waktu atau tempat. Berikut tabel perubahan yang harus kamu ingat:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
now	then / at that time
today	that day
yesterday	the day before / the previous day
tomorrow	the next day / the following day
next week/month	the following week/month
last night	the previous night
here	there
this	that

Contoh penerapan:

• Direct: "I will meet you here tomorrow," he said. Indirect: He said (that) he would meet me there the next day.
• Direct: "She gave me this book yesterday," he said. Indirect: He said (that) she had given him that book the day before.

10+ Contoh Direct dan Indirect Speech untuk Berbagai Situasi

Untuk memahami lebih dalam, yuk lihat contoh-contoh nyata dalam berbagai konteks:

1. Pernyataan Positif

• Direct: "I work at a bank," John said. Indirect: John said (that) he worked at a bank.
• Direct: "We have finished the project," they told the manager. Indirect: They told the manager (that) they had finished the project.

2. Pernyataan Negatif

• Direct: "I don't like spicy food," she said. Indirect: She said (that) she didn't like spicy food.
• Direct: "We haven't seen that movie," they admitted. Indirect: They admitted (that) they hadn't seen that movie.

3. Pertanyaan Yes/No

• Direct: "Are you coming to the party?" he asked. Indirect: He asked if I was coming to the party.
• Direct: "Did you lock the door?" she asked. Indirect: She asked whether I had locked the door.

4. Pertanyaan Wh-

• Direct: "What time does the train leave?" he asked. Indirect: He asked what time the train left.
• Direct: "Why are you late?" the teacher asked. Indirect: The teacher asked why I was late.

5. Perintah atau Permintaan

• Direct: "Don't touch that!" the mother warned. Indirect: The mother warned me not to touch that.
• Direct: "Could you pass the salt?" he asked. Indirect: He asked me to pass the salt.

6. Ungkapan Harapan atau Keinginan

• Direct: "I wish I could fly," she said. Indirect: She said (that) she wished she could fly.
• Direct: "I hope it doesn't rain," he said. Indirect: He hoped (that) it wouldn't rain.

Kesalahan Umum yang Harus Dihindari

Meskipun terlihat sederhana, banyak pelajar bahasa Inggris masih melakukan kesalahan dalam menggunakan reported speech. Berikut beberapa di antaranya:

1. Tidak mengubah tense.

   Salah: She said, "I am happy." → She said that I am happy. Benar: She said that she was happy.

2. Lupa mengubah pronoun.

   Salah: "We will help you," they said. → They said that we would help me. Benar: They said that they would help me.

3. Tidak mengubah keterangan waktu.

   Salah: "I saw her yesterday," he said. → He said that he saw her yesterday. Benar: He said that he had seen her the day before.

4. Menggunakan tanda petik dalam indirect speech.

   Salah: He asked "where I lived". Benar: He asked where I lived.

5. Mengubah struktur pertanyaan menjadi pernyataan.

   Salah: "Where do you live?" she asked. → She asked where do I live. Benar: She asked where I lived.

Tips Mudah Menguasai Reported Speech

Agar lebih cepat mahir, ikuti tips praktis ini:

1. Hafalkan perubahan tense. Kebanyakan kalimat dalam direct speech (terutama present tense) akan berubah menjadi past tense dalam indirect speech. Contoh: am/is → was, do → did, will → would.
2. Perhatikan kata ganti (pronoun). Selalu sesuaikan dengan subjek kalimat. Misal: "I" dalam direct speech bisa berubah menjadi "he/she/they" tergantung konteks.
3. Gunakan "that" secara opsional. Kata "that" dalam indirect speech sering bisa dihilangkan, terutama dalam percakapan informal. Contoh: She said (that) she was tired → She said she was tired.
4. Latih dengan dialog sehari-hari. Cobalah mengubah percakapan di film, lagu, atau obrolan temanmu menjadi indirect speech. Semakin sering berlatih, semakin natural hasilnya!
5. Perhatikan kata kerja pengantar (reporting verbs). Selain "said" dan "asked", ada banyak kata kerja lain seperti told, explained, suggested, warned, yang bisa membuat kalimatmu lebih variatif.

Latihan Soal: Coba Ubah Sendiri!

Sekarang giliranmu berlatih! Ubahlah kalimat direct speech berikut menjadi indirect speech. Jawaban bisa kamu cek di akhir artikel.

1. "I have never been to Paris," she said.
2. "Are you coming with us?" he asked.
3. "Don't forget to call me," my mother said.
4. "Where did you buy this dress?" she asked.
5. "I will finish the report by tomorrow," he promised.

Tip: Jika masih kesulitan, coba gunakan tabel perubahan tense dan keterangan waktu di atas sebagai panduan. Atau, jika butuh bantuan lebih lanjut untuk tugas bahasa Inggris, kamu bisa memanfaatkan layanan Tugasin untuk mendapatkan penjelasan yang lebih detail!

Kapan Harus Menggunakan Direct vs. Indirect Speech?

Kedua jenis speech ini memiliki fungsi yang berbeda tergantung situasinya:

Gunakan Direct Speech Jika:

• Kamu ingin menekankan ucapan asli seseorang (misal dalam wawancara atau kutipan penting).
• Ucapan tersebut pendek dan mudah diingat.
• Kamu menulis dialog dalam cerita (fiksi atau non-fiksi).

Gunakan Indirect Speech Jika:

• Kamu ingin meringkas atau menyederhanakan ucapan seseorang.
• Ucapan tersebut terlalu panjang atau kompleks untuk diulang persis.
• Kamu menulis laporan, esai, atau teks formal yang membutuhkan objektivitas.
• Kamu tidak ingat kata-kata pasti dari pembicara.

Kesimpulan: Kuasai Reported Speech untuk Komunikasi yang Lebih Baik

Menguasai direct dan indirect speech bukan hanya tentang menghafal rumus, tetapi juga tentang memahami konteks dan nuansa dalam berkomunikasi. Dengan berlatih secara konsisten, kamu akan bisa:

• Menulis esai atau laporan dengan kutipan yang tepat.
• Menceritakan kembali percakapan dengan lebih jelas dan terstruktur.
• Meningkatkan skor dalam tes bahasa Inggris seperti TOEFL, IELTS, atau UTBK.
• Berkomunikasi lebih profesional dalam situasi formal.

Jangan lupa untuk terus berlatih dengan contoh-contoh baru setiap hari. Jika kamu merasa kesulitan, cobalah untuk membaca buku atau artikel dalam bahasa Inggris dan perhatikan bagaimana penulis mengubah direct speech menjadi indirect speech. Atau, jika membutuhkan bantuan cepat untuk tugas atau latihan, Tugasin siap membantu dengan solusi terpercaya!

Jawaban Latihan Soal:

1. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
2. He asked if I was coming with them.
3. My mother told me not to forget to call her.
4. She asked where I had bought that dress.
5. He promised (that) he would finish the report by the next day.